| | Overview - JNNURM
JNNURM is a state sector scheme for Urban Renewal initiated by Govt. of India (GOI) to be implemented over a 7 years period. It aims to be project specific reforms mission with the following broad objectives:
- Focussed attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities covered under the Mission;.
- Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms for long-term project sustainability;
- Ensuring adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructural services;.
- Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization;.
- Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor;.
- Special focus on urban renewal programme for the old city areas to reduce congestion; and
- Provision of basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.
Financial assistance
The scheme envisages providing financial assistance to urban local bodies (ULBs) & parastatal agencies of the order of Rs. 50000 crores, spread over 7 years. The scheme covers 63 cities and subdivides them into three categories. The cities selected from Karnataka are Bangalore and Mysore.Bangalore falls under category A & Mysore in category C.
Funding Pattern
Category A -- 35% of grant from GoI, 15% from state and 50% from ULBs.
Category C -- 80% of grant from GoI, 10% from state and 10% from ULBs.
Prerequisites for availing financial assistance
Each city shall prepare a City Development Plan for availing financial assistance under JNNURM. This would cover physical infrastructure development projects such as water supply, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, roads and street lights, environmental protection, slum development & relocation, housing, employment for the economically weaker sections (EWS).
Each city would have to carry out certain reforms such as Mandatory reforms at state level as well as at ULB level and Optional reforms.
Some of the important reforms are as follows:
- Implementation of decentralization measures as per the 74th constitutional amendment
- Adoption of modern accrual based double entry system of accounting in ULBs
- Passage of Public disclosure law to facilitate quarterly performance information to all stakeholders
- Introduction of e-Governance systems/ GIS
- Community participation law to institutionalize citizen participation
Some of the mandatory reforms are as follows:
- Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act
- Reforms in Rent Control law
- Rationalization of Stamp Duty within next 7 years
- Introduction of independent regulators for urban services
Some of the optional reforms are as follows (any five from the package):
- Bye laws for reuse of recycled water
- Encouraging public private partnership
- Introduction of property title certification system in ULBs
- Introduction of computerized process of registration of land and property
- Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes
- Earmarking of at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects (both public and private agencies) for EWS/LIG category
Project eligible for funding under JNNURM
The project eligible for funding under JNNURM can be subdivided into two categories:
- Urban Infrastructure and Governance
- Basic Service to Urban Poor
Urban Infrastructure and governance
- Urban renewal i.e redevelopment of inner City areas, renewal of sewerage, drainage, solid waste disposal system
- Water supply and sanitation
- Sewerage and Solid waste Management
- Construction and improvement of drains
- Urban transportation incl. Roads, highways, Expressways, MRTS and Metro projects
- Parking lots/spaces on PPP basis
- Development of heritage areas
- Prevention & rehabilitation of soil erosion, Landslides
- Preservation of water bodies
Basic Service to Urban Poor
- Integrated development of slums, housing and development of infrastructure projects in slums
- Projects improving/development/maintenance of basic services to urban poor
- Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, Community toilets/baths etc
- Projects for providing houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/EWS/LIG
- Construction/improvements of drains/storm water drains/ Street lighting
- Environment improvement of slums & Solid Waste Management
- Civic amenities like Community halls, child care center
- O&M of assets related under this component
Methodology for preparation of City Development Plan (CDP)
The methodology for preparation of a CDP involves the following steps:
- Diagnosis of the current infrastructure for evaluation of the deficiencies in service delivery
- Formulating a Vision statement for the city with active participation of the local government agencies and citizens
- Preparing the list of projects required for filling the gap between the existing situation and the vision
Key Covenants of the CDP
A clearly articulated Vision statement: In broad terms a vision should emphasize improving the overall quality of life through effective, efficient and responsive service delivery, supported by institutions that are functionally effective and politically accountable.
Implementation, prioritization and sequencing: A coherent practical implementation strategy and sequence of reforms, with priorities attached to each of these, and their efficacy in achieving the overall mission.
Reform process: There is a need for a planned process that simultaneously provides a general framework for reform and plans for individual reforms with implementation responsibilities assigned to the respective government agencies.
Services for the Poor: In addition to infrastructure and governance, JNNURM emphasizes the need for cities and states to consider how the access of poor people to services could be achieved.
Linking institutional reform to development projects: The CDP process should endeavor
to relate institutional reform to development project with linkage between projects and
infrastructure development on the one hand and institutional reforms on the other.
Structure of reports: Planning documents need to be organized to tell a coherent chain of events. A clear distinction should be drawn between: Diagnostic analysis, Vision statement and Recommendations: principles, implementation priorities, outlines and timeframes. An outline of the logical links between investment priorities and institutional reforms should also be provided.
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